CATALOGUE 


xhib 


OF  THE 


it  of  the  Department  of  State 


AT  THE 


• 

mama-Pacific  International  Exposition 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 
1915 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1915 


University  of  California 

Southern  Regional 

Library  Facility 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


Exhibit  of  the  Department  of  State 


AT  THE 


Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 
1915 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1915 


BEN  G.  DAVIS 

Chief  Clerk  and  Representative  of  the  Department  of  State 


ALICE  M.  BLANDFORD 
CLINTON  R.  WHITNEY 

Assistant  Representatives  in  charge  of  Exhibit 


BRYAN  DAVIS 


HHHE  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE  deals  essentially 
1  with  all  matters  of  relationship  between  our  own  and 
foreign  governments.  It  conducts  all  correspondence  with 
the  Ambassadors,  Ministers,  and  Consuls  of  the  United 
States  and  with  the  representatives  of  foreign  powers  ac- 
credited to  the  United  States.  It  is  also  the  medium  of 
official  dealings  and  correspondence  between  the  President 
and  the  Chief  Executives  of  the  several  States.  The  Great 
Seal  of  the  United  States  is  in  its  custody  and  is  affixed  by 
it  to  all  Executive  proclamations,  to  various  commissions, 
and  to -warrants  for  the  extradition  of  fugitives  from  justice. 
Within  the  State  Department  are  filed  all  treaties  made 
with  foreign  States  and  all  laws  of  the  United  States.  Its 
archives  are  replete  with  papers  and  documents  priceless 
in  historical  value.  Passports  are  granted  and  issued  and 
exequaturs  to  foreign  consuls  in  the  United  States  are  given 
through  this  Department.  It  publishes  the  laws  and  resolu- 
tions of  Congress,  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution,  and 
proclamations  declaring  the  admission  of  new  States  into 
the  Union.  The  Secretary  of  State  is  regarded  as  the  first 
in  rank  among  the  members  of  the  Cabinet  and  sits  at  the 
right  of  the  President  in  the  sessions  of  the  Cabinet. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Department  of  State  has  been  prepared 
with  a  view  to  instruct  as  well  as  to  interest  and  to  present 
as  graphically  as  possible  a  few  of  the  principal  activities 
with  which  it  has  to  deal.  Owing  to  the  great  value,  his- 
torically, of  its  many  interesting  documents  and  the  neces- 
sity of  the  greatest  care  for  their  preservation,  it  has  been 
impracticable  to  exhibit  the  original  papers.  Those  in  the 
exhibit  are  photographic  reproductions  and  are  accurate  and 
faithful  representations,  even  to  the  ripened  color  with  which 
time  has  mellowed  those  of  our  early  history. 


CASE  No.  1. 


The   Declaration   of   Independence. 


Generally  considered  the  greatest  and  most 
important  of  all  our  state  papers.  The  first 
draft,  herewith  shown,  appears  in  the  handwrit- 
ing of  its  author,  Thomas  Jefferson.  This  draft 
was  submitted  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Mr. 
Jefferson,  John  Adams,  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Roger  Sherman,  and  Robert  R.  Livingston.  Mr. 
Jefferson's  original  draft  was  changed  some- 
what by  the  committee  before  it  was  reported  to 
Congress  for  consideration.  These  changes  are 
apparent  in  the  copy  shown  and  are  said  to  have 
been  made  by  Mr.  Adams  and  Dr.  Franklin. 

In  the  Journal  of  Congress  of  July  19,  1776, 
it  was  directed  "  That  the  declaration  passed  on 
the  Fourth  of  July  be  fairly  engrossed  on  parch- 
ment with  the  title  and  style  of  the  Unanimous 
Declaration  of  the  thirteen  United  States  of 
America;  and  that  the  same,  when  engrossed,  be 
signed  by  every  member  of  Congress."  On 
August  2  the  Declaration,  as  engrossed  under 
the  above  order,  was  signed  by  all  the  members 
of  Congress  present.  The  original  engrossed 

(9) 


10  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 

copy  of  the  Declaration  is  on  parchment.  In 
1823  a  facsimile  was  made,  under  the  order  of 
President  Monroe,  and  the  parchment  injured, 
no  doubt  due  to  the  process  employed.  Subse- 
quently the  text  and  the  signatures  began  to 
fade,  and  in  1894  it  was  hermetically  sealed 
between  sheets  of  glass  and  placed  in  a  steel 
cabinet  with  the  original  signed  copy  of  the  Con- 
stitution, where  it  now  reposes,  locked  and 
sealed,  and  shown  only  upon  direct  order  of  the 
Secretary  of  State. 

In  this  case  is  shown  also  a  drawing  of  the 
house  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Market  and 
Seventh  Streets,  Philadelphia,  in  which  Jeffer- 
son wrote  the  draft  of  the  Declaration;  a  photo- 
graph of  the  steel  safe  in  the  Department  of 
State  in  which  is  preserved  the  orignal,  en- 
grossed copy  of  the  Declaration  and  the  original 
engrossed  copy  of  the  Constitution;  a  drawing 
of  Independence  Hall,  Philadelphia,  in  which 
Congress  held  its  sessions;  and  a  photograph  of 
the  Liberty  Bell  which  acclaimed  "Liberty 
throughout  the  land  and  to  all  the  inhabitants 
thereof." 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  11 


CASE   No.  2. 


The  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 


This  case  contains  photographic  reproduc- 
tions of  the  engrossed  sheets  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  The  originals,  like  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  were  engrossed 
upon  parchment  sheets,  upon  which  time  has 
made  its  impress.  For  their  safe  preservation 
these  engrossed  copies  were  withdrawn  from 
exhibition  and  are  protected  between  sheets  of 
glass  and  deposited  in  a  steel  safe  in  the  Library 
of  the  Department  and  are  shown  only  upon 
written  order  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 


12  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASE  No.  3. 


The  Amendments  to  the  Constitution. 


In  this  .case  are  shown  photographic  repro- 
ductions of  the  seventeen  amendments  to  the 
Constitution.  The  seventeenth  amendment  is 
shown  in  detail  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating 
the  method  by  which  the  Constituton  is 
amended.  There  is  shown  the  joint  resolution 
as  introduced  into  Congress,  the  printed  copy  of 
the  resolution,  the  report  of  the  committees 
thereon,  the  engrossed  copy  of  the  joint  resolu- 
tion, a  copy  of  the  letters  of  the  Secretary  of 
State  to  the  various  States  of  the  Union  inform- 
ing them  of  the  submission  of  the  amendment, 
a  reply  from  one  of  the  States  transmitting  the 
ratification  of  its  legislature,  and  finally  the 
proclamation  of  the  Secretary  of  State  putting 
the  amendment  into  effect,  it  having  been  rati- 
fied by  the  necessary  three-fourths  of  the  States. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  13 


CASE   No.  4. 


The  Making  of  a  Treaty. 


The  preliminary  negotiations  leading  to  the 
presentation  of  a  treaty  usually  cover  an  ex- 
tended period  of  time.  These  negotiations  are 
sometimes  verbal  between  proper  representa- 
tives of  the  contracting  governments,  sometimes 
by  notes,  memoires  or  other  forms  of  diplomatic 
correspondence,  and  frequently  by  all  the 
methods  cited. 

Upon  conclusion  of  negotiations,  the  text  of 
the  treaty  having  been  agreed  upon,  it  is  then 
prepared  for  signature  either  by  printing  or  en- 
grossing. After  signature  it  is  forwarded  by 
the  President  for  transmission  to  the  Senate, 
should  he  deem  it  advisable  to  do  so. 

In  the  Senate  the  treaty  is  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  for  considera- 
tion, and  if  reported  favorably  and  the  Senate 
gives  its  advice  and  consent  to  ratification  of  the 
treaty  by  the  President,  that  ratification  is  then 
prepared,  signed  by  the  President  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  and  the  seal  of  the  United  States 
attached. 

The  treaty  having  been  ratified  by  the  other 
contracting  party  and  the  Department  of  State 
so  notified,  the  Secretary  of  State  informs  the 


14  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 

representative  of  the  other  contracting  party  of 
the  time  for  the  exchange  of  ratifications.  Upon 
the  day  set  the  representative  of  the  other  power 
appears  at  the  Department  of  State  with  an 
"exchange  copy"  of  his  government,  which  he 
hands  to  the  Secretary  of  State  and  receives  in 
return  the  "exchange  copy"  prepared  by  the 
Government  of  the  United  States. 

At  the  time  of  exchange  the  plenipotentiaries 
sign  a  "  protocol  of  exchange,"  setting  forth  that 
the  copies  "having  been  carefully  compared  and 
found  conformable  to  each  other,  the  change 
took  place  this  day,  etc."  The  treaty  is  then 
made  public  by  proclamation  of  the  President 
in  the  United  States  and  in  the  other  country  in 
conformity  with  its  mode  of  procedure. 

The  reproduced  treaty  shown  in  this  exhibit 
is  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain 
and  is  one  of  the  thirty  similar  "peace  treaties" 
negotiated  with  foreign  governments  providing 
for  investigation  in  all  cases  of  dispute.  These 
treaties  follow  the  "peace  plan"  of  President 
Wilson  and  Secretary  Bryan,  which  provides, 
in  effect,  for  the  prevention  of  any  hostilities 
until  a  year  of  investigation  has  been  given  to 
matters  in  dispute. 

There  is  also  shown  in  this  exhibit  the  interior 
and  exterior  of  the  cover  of  the  "exchange 
copy"  of  the  United  States  and  the  leather  en- 
velope in  which  it  is  enclosed. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  15 


CASE   No.  5. 


Samples  of  Treaties. 


This  exhibit  reproduces,  in  part,  some  of  the 
most  interesting  of  the  treaties  during  the  his- 
tory of  the  United  States.  There  is  shown  a 
portion  of  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the 
United  States  and  Spain  at  the  close  of  the  War 
with  Spain.  This  treaty  was  negotiated  and 
signed  in  Paris,  and  in  connection  therewith  is 
shown  an  etching  illustrating  a  meeting  of  the 
commissioners  who  conducted  the  peace  nego- 
tiations and  signed  the  treaty. 

There  is  also  shown  a  copy  of  a  portion  of  the 
Jay  Treaty  and  of  a  treaty  with  Tripoli.  The 
Panama  Treaty,  by  the  terms  of  which  the 
United  States  built  the  Panama  Canal,  is  shown 
in  full,  together  with  photographs  of  Secretary 
Hay  and  Minister  P.  Bunau-Varilla,  who  repre- 
sented their  respective  governments  in  the  nego- 
tiations leading  up  to  the  treaty. 


16  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASE   No.  6. 


Illustrating  the   Forms  of   Proclamations  of   the 
Presidents. 


Those  shown  are — 

(1)  The  Emancipation  Proclamation  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  probably  the  most  important  of 
this  type  of  Presidential  papers; 

(2)  A  Proclamation  of  President  Adams ; 

(3)  The  first  Thanksgiving  Proclamation,  is- 
sued by  President  Washington,  and 

(4)  The  last  Thanksgiving  Proclamation,  is- 
sued by  President  Wilson. 


Relief  of  American  Citizens  Who  were  Stranded 
Abroad  at  the  Outbreak  of  the  European  Con- 
flict in  August,  1914. 


The  exhibit  consists  of  actual  communica- 
tions and  the  action  of  the  Department  thereon. 
It  is  estimated  that  upward  of  a  quarter  of  a 
million  of  Americans  were  in  Europe  at  the 
time  of  the  unexpected  outbreak  of  hostilities. 
Most  of  these  were  financially  dependent  upon 
letters  of  credit,  traveler's  checks,  express 
orders,  etc.  The  refusal  of  foreign  banks  to 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  17 


cash  not  only  commercial  paper  of  this  char- 
acter but  drafts  as  well,  and  the  cancellation  of 
sailings  of  steamers  upon  which  many  of  our 
people  had  booked  and  paid  for  return  passage, 
created  an  unprecedented  and  extraordinary 
situation.  Through  its  foreign  service  the  De- 
partment of  State  inaugurated  immediate 
measures  of  relief  and  vigorously  and  strenu- 
ously exerted  its  efforts  in  the  supplying  of 
funds  and  the  transportation  of  Americans  to 
their  homes.  Unique  in  this  exhibit  is  the  first 
page  of  a  cablegram  of  eight  hundred  type- 
written pages,  transmitting  an  aggregate  of  two 
and  a  half  millions  of  dollars  to  thousands  of 
our  stranded  citizens. 


18  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASE   No.  7. 


The  Making  of  a  Law. 


Thousands  of  bills  are  introduced  in  both  the 
House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate  during 
the  two-year  life  of  a  Congress,  but  a  compara- 
tively few  succeed  in  safely  ascending  the 
various  steps  that  lead  to  final  enactment  into 
law.  This  exhibit  represents  succinctly  the 
progress  of  a  bill  from  its  inception  to  its  com- 
pletion. There  is  shown  the  draft  of  the  bill 
as  prepared  by  the  Member  of  Congress  intro- 
ducing it;  the  printed  copy,  with  its  serial  House 
number;  the  printed  report  of  the  proper  House 
committee  to  whom  it  has  been  referred  and 
by  whom  it  has  been  considered;  the  bill  as  re- 
ported with  amendment  and  as  it  is  reported  to 
the  Senate.  Then  follows  the  bill  as  finally 
agreed  upon,  its  passage  certified  by  the  Speaker 
of  the  House  and  the  President  of  the  Senate 
and  approved  by  the  President.  It  will  be  noted 
that  this  approved  copy  is  neatly  printed  upon 
parchment  and  is  the  permanent  and  authentic 
record  which  is  filed  in  the  archives  of  the  De- 
partment of  State.  Finally  is  shown  the  "slip 
law"  printed  for  general  distribution. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  19 


The  Great  Seal  of  the  United  States. 


This  exhibit  illustrates  the  various  designs 
proposed  for  the  Great  Seal  from  the  inception 
of  the  National  Government  to  the  present  time. 
The  large  illuminated  seal  in  the  center  repre- 
sents the  design  as  finally  adopted  and  per- 
fected. The  obverse  of  the  seal  is  represented 
in  the  small  illuminated  design  to  the  right  of 
the  reverse.  The  obverse  has  never  been  cut, 
but  represents  the  accepted  design.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  description  of  the  Great  Seal  as 
finally  decided  upon  January  20,  1782: 

The  device  for  an  armorial  achievement  and  reverse 
of  the  Great  Seal  for  the  United  States  in  Congress 
assembled,  is  as  follows: 

"ARMS.  Paleways  of  thirteen  pieces,  argent  and 
gules;  a  chief,  azure;  the  escutcheon  on  the  breast  of 
the  American  eagle  displayed  proper,  holding  in  his 
dexter  talon  an  olive  branch,  and  in  his  sinister  a 
bundle  of  thirteen  arrows,  all  proper,  and  in  his  beak 
a  scroll,  inscribed  with  this  motto,  'E  pluribus  Unum.' 

"For  the  CREST.  Over  the  head  of  the  eagle,  which 
appears  above  the  escutcheon,  a  glory,  or,  breaking 
through  a  cloud,  proper,  and  surrounding  thirteen 
stars  forming  a  constellation,  argent,  on  an  azure  field. 

"REVERSE.  A  pyramid  unfinished.  In  the  zenith, 
an  eye  in  a  triangle,  surrounded  with  a  glory  proper. 
Over  the  eye  these  words,  'Annuit  Coeptis.'  On  the 
base  of  the  pyramid  the  numerical  letters  MDCCIAXVI. 
And  underneath  the  following  motto,  ' Novus  Ordo 
Seclorum.' " 


20  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 

The  Great  Seal  has  a  most  limited  use  and  is 
strictly  guarded  by  law.  The  Secretary  of  State 
is  its  custodian,  but  even  he  has  no  authority  to 
affix  it  to  any  paper  that  does  not  bear  the  signa- 
ture of  the  President.  The  signature  of  the 
President  is  a  warrant  for  affixing  the  Great 
Seal,  and  the  Great  Seal  is  only  to  be  affixed  to 
an  instrument  which  is  complete.  It  is  never 
affixed  to  a  commission  until  the  commission  is 
signed.  There  is  shown  in  the  exhibit  a  blank 
form  of  approval  signed  by  the  President,  which 
is  authority  for  attaching  the  Great  Seal  to  any 
instrument,  and  an  illustration  showing  the 
usual  method  of  affixing  the  Great  Seal  to 
papers. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  21 


CASE   No.  8. 


Forms  of  Diplomatic  Correspondence. 


Illustrating  the  formality  with  which  corre- 
spondence is  conducted  between  nations  on 
occasions  of  ceremony.  The  letters  shown  from 
our  own  Government,  signed  by  President 
Wilson,  are  actual  copies  of  letters  recently  sent. 
These  communications  are  engrossed  by  expert 
penmen  in  the  State  Department  and  follow  the 
established  and  prescribed  rules  of  diplomatic 
etiquette  as  applied  to  correspondence. 

Photographic  copies  of  ceremonial  letters 
from  the  heads  of  foreign  powers  to  our  own 
Government  as  follows: 

1.  Letter  dated  November  30,  1888,  from  Victoria, 
Queen  of  England,  announcing  the  birth  of  a  Prince. 

2.  Letter  dated  September  9,  1879,  from  King  George, 
of  Greece,  announcing  the  birth  of  a  Prince. 

3.  Letter    dated    February    7,    1806,    from    Emperor 
Napoleon,  of  France,  announcing  the  marriage  of  his 
son  Eugene. 

4.  Letter  dated  June  21,  1888,  from  Emperor  Wil- 
helm,  of  Germany,   announcing  his  accession  to  the 
throne. 

5.  Letter   dated  July   19,   1882,   from  the  Queen   of 
Madagascar,  sending  envoys  to  the  United  States. 

6.  Letter   from   the   Shah  of  Persia   acknowledging 
receipt    of    the    President's    letter    recalling    Minister 
Pratt. 

7.  Letter  dated  December  1,   1892,   from  President 
Diaz,  of  Mexico,  announcing  his  reelection. 


22  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASE   No.  9. 


Forms  of  Commissions  Issued  by  the  Department 
of  State. 


A  commission  is  the  formal  written  authority 
conferring  certain  powers  or  privileges  and 
authorizing  or  commanding  the  performance  of 
certain  duties.  The  exhibit  comprises  copies  of 
commissions  issued  to  a  Minister,  an  Ambassa- 
dor, a  Secretary  of  Embassy,  a  Consul  General, 
and  a  Cabinet  Member.  There  is  also  shown 
the  form  of  official  recognition  of  a  foreign 
Consul  dulv  accredited  to  the  United  States. 


Passports. 

A  passport  is  a  formal  document  issued  by  a 
proper  government  official  to  a  citizen  of  that 
government,  certifying  to  his  citizenship,  author- 
izing him  to  leave  the  country  of  which  he  is  a 
subject  and  requesting  protection  for  him 
abroad.  The  passport  is  presented  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  a  foreign  state  as  an  authentication 
of  the  identity  and  character  of  the  holder,  and 
upon  being  visaed  by  the  proper  official  thereof 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  23 


becomes  a  substantial  means  of  protection. 
Passports  are  issued  by  the  Department  of  State 
and  a  fee  of  $1  is  prescribed  by  law. 

There  is  shown  in  the  exhibit  a  general  pass- 
port, a  passport  which  has  been  visaed  by  a 
foreign  government,  and  a  special  passport,  the 
latter  issued  chiefly  to  government  officials  trav- 
eling abroad.  There  is  also  shown  a  form  of 
emergency  passport  issued  to  a  foreigner  in  the 
process  of  obtaining  citizenship,  a  form  of  ex- 
tradition for  the  return  of  criminals  appre- 
hended in  foreign  lands,  and  a  form  of  certifica- 
tion attached  to  papers  for  legal  use  abroad. 


24  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASE  No.  10. 


Jefferson  Writing  Desk. 


The  Thomas  Jefferson  writing  desk  on  which 
the  original  draft  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence was  written.  This  desk  was  given  by 
Jefferson  to  Joseph  Coolidge  in  accordance  with 
the  following  memorandum  by  Jefferson : 

Th.  Jefferson  gives  this  writing  desk  to  Joseph 
Coolidge  just  as  a  memorial  of  affection.  It  \vas  made 
from  a  drawing  of  his  own  by  Ben  Randall,  cabinet- 
maker, of  Philadelphia,  with  whom  he  first  lodged  on 
his  arrival  in  that  city  in  May,  1776,  and  is  the  identi- 
cal one  on  which  he  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. Politics,  as  well  as  religion,  has  its  super- 
stitions. These,  gaining  strength  with  time,  may  one 
day  give  imaginary  value  to  this  relic  for  its  associa- 
tion with  the  birth  of  the  great  charter  of  our  inde- 
pendence. 

Monticello,  November  18,  1825. 

There  is  also  shown  in  this  case  a  whale's 
tooth  which  was  sent  as  a  treaty  by  the  King  of 
the  Fiji  Islands  and  one  of  the  "peace  treaty 
paper  weights  "  designed  by  Secretary  Bryan  as 
a  souvenir  for  the  representatives  of  foreign 
governments  who  have  signed  with  him  the 
thirty  peace  treaties  recently  negotiated.  These 
paper  weights  are  made  from  melted  swords. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  25 


CASE   No.  11. 


Shipwrecked  American  Seamen. 


Under  authority  granted  by  the  Act  of  July 
28,  1866,  the  State  Department,  on  behalf  of  the 
Government,  presents  various  gifts  to  officers 
and  members  of  the  crews  of  foreign  vessels  in- 
strumental in  the  rescue  of  shipwrecked  Ameri- 
can seamen.  In  this  case  is  exhibited  the  usual 
form  in  which  this  gift  is  made,  namely,  binocu- 
lar marine  glasses,  gold  watch  with  chain  and 
compass  charm,  and  gold  medals. 


26  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


CASES  Nos.  12  AND   13. 


Decorations  Conferred  upon  American  Citizens. 


Under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  offi- 
cials of  the  United  States  are  prohibited  from 
accepting  any  titles  or  gifts  from  foreign  gov- 
ernments, except  by  authority  of  Congress. 
Notwithstanding  this  constitutional  prohibition, 
a  number  of  decorations  and  gifts  have  been 
conferred  upon  American  officials.  These  are 
filed  in  the  Department  of  State  and  are  deliv- 
ered to  the  recipients  only  upon  authority 
especially,  and  rarely,  granted  by  Congress. 
The  exhibit  illustrates  the  general  nature  and 
form  of  the  decorations. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  27 


SCREEN   No.  1. 


Photographs  of  the  first  building  and  of  the 
present  building  occupied  by  the  Department 
of  State  and  a  perspective  drawing  of  the  pro- 
posed new  State  Department  building. 

Photographs  of  the  various  buildings  that 
have  been  used  as  Capitols  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  present  Capitol. 


28  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


SCREEN   No.  2. 


Map  of  the  world,  upon  which  is  designated 
the  location  of  United  States  embassies,  lega- 
tions, consulates,  and  consular  agencies.  Em- 
bassies are  designated  by  red  pins,  legations  by 
black  pins,  and  consulates  and  consular  agencies 
by  yellow  pins.  Photographs  of  the  following 
officials  of  the  Department  of  State:  The  Di- 
rector of  the  Consular  Service,  Mr.  Wilbur  J. 
Carr;  the  Chief  of  the  Diplomatic  Bureau,  Mr. 
Sydney  Y.  Smith;  the  Chief  of  the  Consular  Bu- 
reau, Mr.  Herbert  C.  Hengstler. 

Map  of  the  United  States,  showing  its  terri- 
torial expansion  from  the  original  States  to  its 
present  proportions.  Photographs  of  the  fol- 
lowing officials  of  the  Department  of  State :  The 
Assistant  Secretary,  Mr.  John  E.  Osborne;  the 
Second  Assistant  Secretary,  Mr.  Alva  A.  Adee; 
the  Third  Assistant  Secretary,  Mr.  William 
Phillips;  the  Counsellor,  Mr.  Robert  Lansing; 
the  Solicitor,  Mr.  Cone  Johnson;  the  Chief  Clerk, 
Mr.  Ben  G.  Davis. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  29 


SCREEN   No.  3. 


Photographs  of  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  the  rep- 
resentatives of  all  the  foreign  governments 
accredited  to  the  United  States. 

Pictures  of  all  the  signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence. 


30  STATE  DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT 


SCREEN   No.  4. 


The  Exhibit  of  the  Pan  American  Union. 


The  Pan  American  Union  was  established  in 
1889-90  for  the  purpose  of  developing  and  main- 
taining closer  relations  of  commerce  and  friend- 
ship between  the  twenty-one  Republics  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere.  It  is  sustained  by  con- 
tributions from  the  American  Republics  in  pro- 
portion to  their  population  and  is  governed  by 
a  board  composed  of  their  diplomatic  repre- 
sentatives at  Washington  and  the  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States,  who  is  ex  officio  its 
chairman.  Its  chief  executive  officer  is  the  Di- 
rector General,  elected  by  this  governing  board, 
each  government  having  one  vote  in  his  selec- 
tion. The  Pan  American  Union  publishes  a 
monthly  magazine  in  four  editions  (English, 
Spanish,  Portuguese,  and  French),  containing 
information  about  the  resources,  commerce,  and 
general  progress  of  the  American  Republics,  as 
well  as  maps  and  geographical  sketches  of  these 
countries,  handbooks  of  trade,  travel  and  de- 
scription, and  special  reports  on  tariffs,  im- 
provements, concessions,  new  laws,  etc. 

The  Pan  American  Union  occupies  a  hand- 
some marble  structure  on  Seventeenth  Street, 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION  31 

in  Washington,  near  the  White  House.  The  ar- 
tistic beauty  of  this  building  will  be  apparent 
from  the  photographic  views  shown  in  the 
exhibit.  In  addition  to  views  of  the  building 
the  exhibit  consists  of  portraits  of  the  Director 
General,  Mr.  Barrett;  the  Assistant  Director,  Mr. 
Yanes;  and  the  Chief  Clerk,  Mr.  Adams;  a  group 
photograph  of  the  governing  board  and  samples 
of  the  publications  issued  by  the  Union. 


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